Fig. 3

a In vitro toxicity of UHMMs. b In vitro toxicity of UHMMs@Ce6. c Cancer cell viability after in vitro treatment with an 808 nm laser and different irradiation times. d Cancer cell viability after in vitro treatment with an 808 nm laser with different UHMMs doses. e Cancer cell viability after in vitro treatment with VMF and different UHMMs doses. f Cancer cell viability after in vitro treatment with VMF and different vibration time. g Cancer cell viability after in vitro treatment with VMF with different incubation times. h LDH leakage after VMF treatment and different times. i SEM images: morphology of TU212 cells with UHMMs after VMF treatment for 0, 0.5, 2, and 4 h