Fig. 1
A UV–Vis spectrum of TCPP, ZrTCPP, GA, AuNS, AZG, and AZGL. B The fluorescence spectrum (Ex = 410 nm) of TCPP, ZrTCPP, GA, AuNS, AZ, AZG, and AZGL. C The optimized structures and HOMO–LUMO distributions of TCPP and Zr(TCPP) and Zr(TCPP)2 were calculated by DFT (Gaussian 09/B3LYP/6-31G). Side views of configurations of TCPP (D), Zr(TCPP) (E), Zr(TCPP)2 (F), and Zr(TCPP)2-GA (G) on Au(111) surface obtained from geometry optimization, the gray dotted line indicated hydrophobic interaction, the green solid line indicated hydrogen bonding interaction, and the yellow dotted line indicated π–π stacking