Fig. 2

Synthesis and characterization of NPs. a The ¹H NMR spectra of DSPE-TK-PEG₂₀₀₀ and DSPE-PEG₂₀₀₀. b The appearance of DP@DMF NPs, DTP@DMF NPs, and DTP NPs solution. c Representative TEM images of DTP@DMF NPs (scale bar: 500 nm). d Size distribution of DP@DMF NPs (green), DTP@DMF NPs (red), and DTP NPs (blue). e The average size and f zeta potential of NPs (n = 3). g The change of size and zeta potential of DTP@DMF NPs within 7 days (n = 3). h Changes in the appearances of DTP@DMF NPs and DP@DMF NPs in the presence of 100 μM H₂O₂. i The cumulative drug release curve of DTP@DMF NPs in the presence of 1 μM, 10 μM, and 100 μM H₂O₂. Data are expressed as the mean ± SD (n = 3). j Size distribution of DTP@DMF NPs after incubating with 100 μM H₂O₂ for 9 h