Fig. 5

Dye aggregates for effective bioimaging. a Self-assembled J-aggregates from cyanine dye FD-1080 for effective bioimaging; b the IR-140 J-aggregates encapsulated by porous silica nanoparticles showing enhanced in vivo stability; c porphyrin-derivates have been embedded into the lipid assemblies to form dye aggregates serving as PA agents. The ultrasound-induced transformation from microbubbles to nanoparticles shows prolonged PA signals; d aza-BODIPY-lipid conjugates can assemble to BODIPYsome for dual-modal fluorescence and PA imaging. Reprinted with permission from: a Ref. [61], copyright (2019) American Chemical Society; b Ref. [65], copyright (2019) American Chemical Society; c Ref. [70], copyright (2015) Springer Nature; d Ref. [72], copyright (2019) Wiley