Scheme 1
A Chemical structure of the iRGD peptide. B Chemical structure of Dox. C Schematic illustration of the procedure to produce engineered HEK-293T exosomes (donated as Dox@iRGD-Exos-131I). D Schematic representation of Dox@iRGD-Exos-131I for efficient chemotherapy combined with 131I labeling. Making full use of lentiviral vector technology and the structure of the exosomal membrane, we developed an engineered HEK-293T exosome-based delivery system that intelligently integrates three functions: tumor targeting, 131I and Dox coloading with high payloads, and tumor-targeted therapy. After intravenous injection, Dox@iRGD-Exos-131I efficiently accumulated at the tumor site, resulting in a significantly enhanced antitumor chemo/internal irradiation combination therapy effect