Table 1 Summary of parameters for USCM BBB opening
From: Ultrasound-assisted brain delivery of nanomedicines for brain tumor therapy: advance and prospect
Carrier system | Types of ultrasound | Parameters of ultrasound | Mechanism | Duration (min) | Refs | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Frequency (MHz) | Sound pressure (MPa) | Pulse length (ms) | PRF (Hz) | |||||
BCNU bubbles | pFUS | 10 | 0.5–4.5 | – | 10 | Cavitation effect | 4 | [42] |
DOX-SPIO-MBs | pFUS | 0.4 | 0.325 | – | 1 | Cavitation effect | 1.5 | [43] |
PFP nanodroplets | pFUS | 1.5 | 0.45; 0.60 | 6.7 | 5 | Cavitation effect | 5 | [44] |
PEG-PLGA-PFP nanodroplets | cFUS | 1 | 1.0 | – | – | Thermal effect; cavitation effect | 3 | [45] |
Nanobubbles | pFUS | 0.75 ± 0.05 |  < 0.5 | 10 | 1 | Cavitation effect | 0.5 | [46] |
– | LIFUP | 1 | 0.3 | – | 1 | Cavitation effect | 2 | [47] |
Propofol-loaded nanoemulsions | pFUS | 1 | 0.5 | 10 | 0.5 | Cavitation effect | 2 | [48] |
– | pFUS | 0.69 | 0.6–0.8 | 10 | 1 | Cavitation effect | 1 | [49] |
AP-1 Lipo-Dox | HIFUS | 1 | 0.7 | – | 1 | Cavitation effect | – | [50] |
CDDP-BPN nanoparticles | cFUS | 1.14 | 0.8 | – | – | Cavitation effect | – | [51] |
The liposomal (LP)-O.6BTG-C18 nanoparticles | LIFUP | – | 0.28–0.55 | 10 | 1 | Cavitation effect | 3 | [52] |
BCNU-MBs | pFUS | 1 | 0.5 | 5 | 5 | Cavitation effect | 2 | [53] |
GDNFp-liposome | pFUS | 0.5 | 0.33 | 10 | 1 | Cavitation effect | 0.5 | [54] |
MBs | pFUS | 0.612 | 0.55–0.81 | 10 | 1 | Cavitation effect | 1 | [55] |
Albumin-based nanoclusters | pFUS | 1.1 | 0.30 | 10 | 1 | Cavitation effect | 2 | [56] |