Fig. 2
From: Nanoparticles mediated tumor microenvironment modulation: current advances and applications
Copyright 2021 by Sang [21]. b Fe3O4/T-MPs-CPG/Lipo reprogrammed TME: (i) (a) schematic for the development of CpG loaded liposomes conjugated tumor-derived antigens decorated nano-Fe3O4 microparticles, (b, c) stimulation of APC (DC and macrophage) progression, T cells activation, production of pro-inflammatory cytokine and boosting of antitumor response to immunotherapy by reprogramming the TME (corresponding TME modulation in the form of schematic is presented in Fig. (ii)). Immunofluorescence images of B16F10 tumor section (iii) after treatment with and without Fe3O4 nanoparticles, and (iv) after injection with various formualtions. (v) Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays of IL-10, TGF-β1, TNF-α, and INF-γ. Copyright 2019 by Zhao [22]. c Schematic representation of the development of PNP@R@M-T and their reprogramming of TMEs by selective adaptation of M2-like macrophages. Copyright 2021 by Zhang [23]. d Molecular targeted immunotherapy for M2-like TAMs: (i) schematics for the (a) development of α-M2pep, (b) components of M2-like TAMs targetingcore-shell fluorescent lipid nanoparticle, and (c) in vivo immune regulation mechanism, (ii) inhibition effect on tumor growth, and (iii) Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays of IL-10, TGF-β1, IL-12p70, and INF-γ Copyright 2017 by Qian [24]. e schematic representation of the tyrosine kinase in TAMs using the nanocomplex SA/IBR/EPG. Copyright 2019 by Qiu [25]
Reprogramming of TAM polarization using nanodrug delivery systems: a Iron nanotraps reprogrammed macrophages: (i and ii) schematic representation of the development of iron nanoptraps with the conjugation of TAMs targeted peptides on the S dots and simultaneous absorption of iron, (iii) corresponding mechanism for the reprogramming of TAMs, and (iv) confocal microscope images of the M2 and M1 macrophage markers and (v) estimation of the generation of nitric oxide (NO), TNF-α and IL-10.