Table 1 Studies examining the effects of CNTs on plant growth and development
From: Engineering plants with carbon nanotubes: a sustainable agriculture approach
CNT type | Concentration | Plant species | Growth conditions | Effects | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CNT | 10–40 µg/mL | Tomato | MS media | Enhanced seed germination and plant growth | [130] |
CNT | 0–40 µg/mL | Tomato, onion, radish, turnip | Laboratory and greenhouse | Improved seed germination and seedling growth | [60] |
CNT | 0.0–0.1 µg/mL | Date palm | In vitro | Increased shoot length and leaf number | [251] |
SWCNT | Varied concentrations | Carrot, cabbage lettuce, onion, tomato, cucumber | In vitro | Enhanced the roots/shoot length, increased growth | [63] |
SWCNT | 10–40 µg/mL | Salvia, pepper, tall fescue | laboratory and greenhouse | Increased the seed germination rate | [132] |
SWCNT | 0–50 µg/mL | Tomato | In vitro | Increased, chlorophyll content, weight, and height of roots/shoots | [144] |
SWCNT | 5 and 20 µg/mL | Rice | In vitro | Seedling development | [155] |
SWCNT | 20, 50 ,100 µg/mL | Maize | In vitro | Enhanced growth of seminal roots | [154] |
MWCNT | 0–1000 µg/mL | Red spinach | Hydroponic culture | No effect on plant growth | [235] |
MWCNT | 0–2000 µg/mL | Red spinach, lettuce, rice, cucumber, chili, lady finger, soybean | Hydroponic culture | Enhanced root or shoot length, decreased plant growth | [146] |
MWCNT | 5–500 µg/mL | Tobacco | MS media | Improved growth and plant dry biomass | [131] |
MWCNT | 2.3 × 10− 3 mg/mL 46 × 10− 3 mg/mL | Mustard | In vitro | Enhanced root size, increased plant growth | [139] |
MWCNT | 0, 500, 1000, or 5000Â mg/kg | Corn | Soil | Increased plant growth and plant dry biomass | [57] |
MWCNT | 25, 50,100 µg/mL | Barley, corn, rice, soybean, switchgrass, tomato | MS media | Activation of early seed germination | [140] |
MWCNT | 50, 100, and 200 µg/mL | Barley, soybean, corn | MS media | Activation of early seed germination, increased root length and biomass | [148] |
MWCNT | 10–160 µg/mL | Wheat | In vitro | Increased root length of wheat seedlings | [151] |
MWCNT | 40 − 2560 mg/L | Alfalfa, wheat | MS media | Increased root length and plant growth | [58] |
MWCNT | 20 and 50 µg/mL | Wheat, maize peanut, and garlic | Soil | Enhanced root/shoot elongation | [252] |
MWCNT | 70, 80 and 90 µg/mL | Rice | Laboratory and field | Increased root length, chlorophyll content, and photosynthetic activity | [152] |