Fig. 5

Cell killing efficiencies of Fe₃O₄/BSA and the four types of Fe₃O₄/BSA/rSiO₂ under VMF exposure. Tu212 cells were incubated with Fe₃O₄/BSA and the four types of Fe₃O₄/BSA/rSiO₂ (1 mg/mL for each sample) for 1 h and then exposed to a VMF (2 Hz) for 1 h. Viabilities of the Tu212 cells a qualitatively determined with Hoechst33342/PI and b quantitatively determined with CellTiter-Glo® reagent. c LDH leaked from the Tu212 cells. d Schematic illustration of the abilities of magnetic microspheres with different sharpness to pierce the cancer cell membrane. Fe₃O₄/BSA, Fe₃O₄/BSA/SrSiO₂, Fe₃O₄/BSA/MrSiO₂, Fe₃O₄/BSA/LrSiO₂, and Fe₃O₄/BSA/CrSiO₂ are numbered ①, ②, ③, ④, and ⑤, respectively. Significance levels observed were ***P < 0.001, **P < 0.01, and *P < 0.05