Fig. 5

In vivo therapeutic efficacy assessment of Fe₃O₄@Chl/Fe-CPBA CNPs with CDT and CDT–PDT treatments. a Scheme for the treatment of tumor induction, local sample loading (1 h), and laser-triggered PDT reactions for BC in vivo with US imaging monitoring. b Flow chart for the timeline of nanoparticle-mediated CDT and PDT experiments in vivo. c US images of orthotopic bladder tumors at different time points after treatment (scale bar: 2 mm). d The tumor growth curves calculated from the US images in c. e The survival curves of different treatment groups. f The body weight changes of different treatment groups. g IHC staining results of CD8, PD-L1, IDO-1, CD206, CD86, and TGF-β in the different treatment groups. The (+)-labeled groups indicate the light-treated reaction at a laser power density of 75 mW/cm² for 10 min. Scale bar = 100 μm