Fig. 4

In vivo studies of STAMP for the T1DM treatment. A Schematic of the in vivo study operations. The arrows marked in red are the time points of the STAMP treatments. Blood glucose levels are measured every week from d0 after diabetes model establishment B Blood glucose concentration vs. time curves of different treatments. Data were presented as mean ± S.D. (n = 6). **p < 0.01, ^##p < 0.01, compared with the mice in the MN T1DM group (two-tailed Student’s t-test). C Area under curve (AUC) analysis of blood glucose-time curves. Data were presented as mean ± S.D. (n = 6). *p < 0.05, compared with the data in the MN T1DM group (two-tailed Student’s t-test). D Insulin concentration in serum measured by ELISA. Data were presented as mean ± S.D. (n = 3). *p < 0.05, compared with the mice in the MN T1DM group (two-tailed Student’s t-test). E Pathological sections of mice pancreas in each group, pancreas islets identified by the dashed circles. Scale bar, 50 μm. F Insulitis scores of pancreas islets in 5 groups, according to the area proportion of inflammatory cells infiltrating into the islets