Fig. 1

Rational design and synthesis of RuPOP@MCM. A Schematic illustration of the preparation of RuPOP@MCM and RuPOP@KCM. B TEM images of MCM, RuPOP@MCM, KCM, and RuPOP@KCM. C Elemental mapping of RuPOP@MCM and RuPOP@KCM. D Zeta potential and (E) fluorescence spectra of RuPOP@MCM at different mixing ratio proportions with MCM and RuPOP. F Zeta potential and (G) average hydrodynamic diameters of MCM, RuPOP@MCM (at ratio of 1:1.5), KCM, and RuPOP@KCM (at ratio of 1:1.5). H UV–vis spectra and (I) Fluorescence spectra of RuPOP, RuPOP@MCM (at ratio of 1:1.5) and RuPOP@KCM (at ratio of 1:1.5). Stability of (J) RuPOP@MCM and (K) RuPOP@KCM in DMEM with 10% FBS or human serum within 24 h