Fig. 5

In vitro evaluation of the antibacterial activity of NPs. A The turbidity observation of E. coli in LB medium treated with different concentrations of formulations (AM, AMP, AMPC, and AMPC/siTNF-α). The MICs of the sample are marked with a red arrow. B The photographs of E. coli colony on agar plates, C quantitative bacterial colonies densities based on B, D growth curve, and E antibacterial ratio of E. coli in logarithmic growth period treated with different NPs for 12 h. The data represent mean ± SD, n = 3 (**p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001). “ns” represents no significant difference. F MIC of different antibacterial nanoplatforms for E. coli and the calculated CI value