Fig. 1

Schematic illustrations of construction and action mechanisms of AINR for boosting cisplatin chemotherapy. (I) AINR with Janus structures could penetrate into deeper tumor via gas-propelled autonomous movement fueled by H₂O₂ in tumor tissue; (II) AINR promote the uptake of cisplatin through nanoparticle endocytosis manner; (III) AINR could be oxidized into Ag⁺ under H₂O₂ in tumor cells, which down-regulating intracellular Cl⁻ through formation of AgCl precipitation, thus increasing the Pt–DNA adducts formation by promoting the dechlorination of cisplatin; (IV) AINR inhibits Pt–DNA excision repair by chelating intracellular Fe²⁺ to inhibit Fe²⁺-dependent DNA repair enzymes, finally realizing a self-augmented CDDP chemotherapy