Fig. 4

Changes in resistances against mechanical deformation with CNT/CSNF electrodes. a Image of a CNT/CSNF electrode fabricated for in vivo experiments. b The electrode was bent and wrapped around a glass rod (1 mm in diameter). c An exemplary stress–strain curve of a CNT/CSNF electrode. d Schematics of resistance measurements with CNT/CSNF electrodes before and while being wrapped around the glass rods. e, f Relative resistance of CNT/CSNF electrodes with different surface density of CNTs and CSNF wrapped around glass rods (n = 3, mean ± standard deviation). The surface density of CNT are 0.03 mg cm⁻² (e) and 0.06 mg cm⁻² (f), respectively, and the electrodes have three varieties of CSNF density with 4.5 mg cm⁻² (white dots), 9.0 mg cm⁻² (gray dots) and 13.5 mg cm.⁻² (black dots). g Relative resistance of CNT/CSNF electrodes in dependence on bending cycles (n = 3, mean ± standard deviation). h Relative resistance of CNT/CSNF electrodes during strain applicatioin (n = 4, mean ± standard deviation)