Fig. 2

Cell micropatterning and formation of focal adhesion on micropatterned and non-patterned surfaces. a Representative microscopic images of MG63 cells cultured on four micropatterns and non-patterned surface. Scale bar: 1000 μm. The insets are the enlarged images to show the single cell morphology. Scale bar: 50 μm. b Representative immunofluorescent images of vinculin (green). The nucleus was stained blue with DAPI. Scale bar: 50 μm. c Vinculin area of MG63 cells calculated by ImageJ software. The data present the mean ± SD, n = 10, N.S. present no significance, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. d Illustration to reveal focal adhesion serving as the signal bridge. Focal adhesion sensed microenvironmental stimuli from the micropatterns and transferred these biophysical signals into the cytoskeleton and even the nuclei to command cellular behaviors