Fig. 1

Synthesis and characterization of CNPs. A The illustration of the porous nanorods CNPs suppresses kidney calcium oxalate crystal depositions via reversing hyperoxaluria-induced oxidative stress damage; B The TEM images of CNPs; C High-resolution TEM images of the CNPs; D SEM micrographs of the CNPs; E STEM-EDS elemental mapping images of the CNPs; F XPS spectra of the CNPs; G XPS spectra of Ce3d_5/2 and Ce3d_3/2; H XRD analysis of the CNPs and the standard card of CeO₂.