Fig. 3

Characterization of cell-membrane coated nanoparticles. A Hydrodynamic diameter and zeta potential of PLGA NPs, M-vesicles and PLGA@M after formulation in water. Adapted with permission from [102], copyright ^© 2022 BioMed Central Ltd unless otherwise stated. Typical SEM (B) and TEM (C, D) image of core nanoparticles before and after cell-membrane coating. B Adapted with permission from [68], Copyright ^© 2022 Elsevier B.V. C Adapted with permission from [94], Copyright ^© 2022 National Academy of Science. D Adapted with permission from [33], copyright ^© 2020 American Chemical Society. E Immunogold TEM images of membrane and membrane coated NPs samples probed for α4 (red arrows) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (yellow arrows). Adapted with permission from [72], copyright ^© 2022 BioMed Central Ltd unless otherwise stated. F Co-localization of membranes (red) and core (green) by CLSM. Adapted with permission from [131], copyright ^© 2022 Elsevier B.V. G Representative SDS-PAGE result showing the membrane proteins analysis of PLGA cores (lane 1), AM membranes (lane 2), AM vesicles (lane 3), TN@AM NPs (lane 4), and AM cell lysate (lane 5). Lane M: marker. Adapted with permission from [36], ^© 2021 The Authors. Advanced Science. H Western blotting analysis demonstrating the retention of characteristic membrane proteins. Adapted with permission from [33], copyright ^© 1999–2022 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. I The α4 and β1 integrins in RAW264.7 cells measured by FACS analysis. Adapted with permission from [35], copyright ^© 2016 American Chemical Society