Fig. 6

Radiographic assessment (X-ray and micro-CT) of bone regeneration. A X-ray images showing the progression of intervertebral fusion 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks after surgery for the blank, scaffold, scaffold-cell, and scaffold-cell-miR groups. B Three-dimensional images reconstructed by micro-CT showing intervertebral fusion conditions under different treatments (blank, scaffold, scaffold-cell, and scaffold-cell-miR groups). The top row shows the sagittal plane; middle, coronal; and bottom, transverse. C, D Quantification analysis of bone volume relative to total volume (BV/TV) (C), and bone mineral density (BMD) (D). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 compared to the blank group. ^#p < 0.05, ^##p < 0.01 compared to the scaffold-cell group