Fig. 8From: Magnetofection of miR-21 promoted by electromagnetic field and iron oxide nanoparticles via the p38 MAPK pathway contributes to osteogenesis and angiogenesis for intervertebral fusion Electromagnetic field (EMF) enhanced transfection efficiency through the activation of p38 MAPK pathway. A, B Western blotting bands and corresponding protein expression levels of phosphorylated p38, p38, tau, and HAP27 (p-p38, p38, p-tau, p-HSP27, respectively). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 compared to the control group. #p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01 compared to the EMF + PEI@IONPs + SB202190 group. C Fluorescence microscope images showing different transfection efficiencies under different treatments (control, EMF + PEI@IONPs, and EMF + PEI@IONPs + SB202190). D, E Immunofluorescence images of Runx2 (D) and CD31 (E) after various treatments (control, EMF + PEI@IONPs, and EMF + PEI@IONPs + SB202190). Runx2/CD31 was labelled with Cy3 (red), and nucleus were labelled with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI, blue)Back to article page