Fig. 3

The in vitro and in vivo effects of BBR@PLGA@PLT NPs on macrophages. a Cell viability of macrophages after incubation with various concentrations of BBR, BBR@PLGA, and BBR@PLGA@PLT NPs in solution for 12 h. b Confocal microscopic images of macrophage markers after incubation in 10 μM BBR solution and saline for 12 h. c Inflammatory cytokines secreted by RAW 264.7 cells. d Serum levels of inflammatory cytokines in rats on day three after MI. e Representative immunofluorescence images of TUNEL, CD206, and CD86 in the border zone of infarcted hearts on day three after MI. TUNEL-stained (green) cells indicate apoptosis-positive cells, and CD86 (red) and CD206 (green) staining shows M1 and M2-type macrophages, respectively. f Statistical analysis of the percentage of TUNEL-, CD206-, and CD86-positive cells. All bars represent as means ± SD (n = 3). *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001