Fig. 5

PFRM increases CD8⁺T cell infiltration. A–B Flow cytometry analysis of the percentage of CD80⁺ and CD86⁺ DCs in draining lymph nodes (n = 3). C Immunofluorescence staining of MHC-I in recurrent tumors (scale bar represents 5 μm). D Immunofluorescence staining of CD8⁺ T cells in recurrent tumor (scale bar represents 20 μm). E, F Flow cytometry analysis of CD3⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells in recurrent tumor gating of CD45⁺ cells (n = 3). G, H Flow cytometry analysis of Tregs cells and MDSCs in recurrent tumor gating of CD45⁺ cells (n = 3). I Levels of TNF-α and IFN-γ in tumors (n = 3). J Schematic diagram of PFRM analgesia triggering an immune response. Imiquimod primes the DCs maturation, resulting in an increased population of CD8⁺ T cells in residual tumor tissues. Ropivacaine upregulates MHC-I in residual tumor cells, facilitating the recognition of CD8⁺ T cells to tumor cells. PFR PF hydrogel mixed with ropivacaine, PFM PF hydrogel mixed with imiquimod, PFRM PF hydrogel mixed with ropivacaine and imiquimod