Fig. 1

PLGA NPs preparation and administration accelerate intimal thicken after stenosis operation. A The illustration of PLGA NPs preparation (upper) and animal stenosis operation (lower). B PLGA nanoparticle size distribution (n = 3). C Measurement of PLGA NPs zeta potential (n = 3). D Hemolysis rate (%) of the nanoparticle dispersions (2 mg/mL), n = 3. E TEM image of PLGA NPs. Scale bars, 100 nm. F Transversal and longitudinal sections of the HE staining of ApoE^−/− mice carotid artery, which showed the changes in the structure of vessel walls after NPs treatment and SO. Scale bars, upper, 50 μm, lower, 20 μm. Quantitative analysis of intimal area of carotid artery in transversal section (G) and longitudinal section (H). Scale bars, upper, 100 μm, lower, 50 μm, n = 5, *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; ****p < 0.0001