Fig. 6

PLGA NPs can impair the function of vascular ECs. A The expression of VE-cadherin and NPs uptake of HUVEC in 24, 48, and 72 h. Scale bar, 20 µm. B Cytoskeleton and NPs uptake of HUVEC under low shear stress in 24 and 72 h. Scale bar, 50 µm. C Schematic illustration of a mechanical experimental device by mimicking shear stress using an orbital shaker of a 6-well plate and approximate low shear stress range in the center area. D, E The quantification analysis of VE-Cadherin and PLGA NPs uptake on HUVECs (n = 5). F, G Changes of fractal dimension in cytoskeleton and PLGA NPs uptake of HUVECs under low shear stress (n = 5), *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; ****p < 0.0001. H Illustration of the negative effect of PLGA NPs on the site of stenosis