Fig. 5
MnGA nanoparticles enhance PTT by down-regulating HSP via exhausting ATP. a–c Cell viabilities of MG-63 cells co-incubated with FeGA, MnGA and CaGA nanoparticles for 6 h at different concentrations with and without irradiation respectively (1.5 W/cm2, 10 min). d Live/dead images of MG-63 cells (stained by calcein and PI) treated with MnGA nanoparticles and PBS on exposure to NIR irradiation or not. Scale bars: 200 μm. e Relative cell viabilities when coincubated with MnGA nanoparticles (15 μg/ml) or PBS for 12 h in 37 or 43 °C. f Intracellular HSP70 and HSP90 protein expression in MG-63 cells in above groups. g Concentrations of intracellular ATP detecting by an ATP Determination Kit. h ATP secretion in the cell medium after various treatments detecting by an ATP Determination Kit