Fig. 11
From: Theranostic applications of selenium nanomedicines against lung cancer
The immune microenvironment and immune cell status. The immune microenvironment is complex, including tumor cells, immune cells and the secretion of various cytokines, including a number of trace elements. A Prodrug nanodrugs are characterized by prolonged blood circulation time, enhanced tumor accumulation and deeper penetration. Combined with phototherapy, IDO inhibition and PD-L1 blocking, synergistic and effective antitumor immunotherapy can be achieved [256]. Copyright 2020, Elsevier Ltd. B Tumor microenvironments include high infiltration of immune cells, cancer cells, and CAFs/TAFs and increased deposition of ECM protein in the interstitial tissue [257]. Copyright 2018, The Author(s). C Exosomes enhance immunotherapy and reprogram the tumor microenvironment [258]. Copyright 2020, Elsevier Ltd