Fig. 3

Sustained release and tracing of the E7 antigen delivered in different nanovaccine formulations in vivo. A Live imaging analysis of the release and residence of FITC-E7 at the injection site. B Ex vivo fluorescence images for analyzing the distribution of E7 in main organs (the heart (H), liver (Li), spleen (S), lungs (Lu), kidneys (K) and inguinal lymph nodes (LN)) and its accumulation in the inguinal lymph nodes. C Flow cytometry analysis on the expression of the maturation markers CD80, CD86, MHC I, and MHC II in DCs isolated from lymph nodes. D and E Flow cytometry analysis of CD8α⁺ rDCs, CD8α⁻CD11b⁺ rDCs, and CD103⁺ mDCs. The cells were isolated 24 h after the subcutaneous injection of free FITC-E7 and E7-MDP-NPs + β -glucan @ALG. F The proportion of the mDCs and rDCs in lymph nodes. G The infiltration of immune cells in the muscle tissue at the injection site, through histological analyses with H andE staining (Blue: nuclei; scale bar: 100 μm. D Data are presented as the mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001; analyzed by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons posttest or T test