Fig. 5

Therapeutic immunization with nanovaccines elicits significant antitumor effects and cellular immune responses. A Experimental protocol. The nanovaccines were administered when the size of grafted TC-1 tumors reached a diameter of 3 − 4 mm. n = 8 mice per group. B Dynamic monitoring of tumor growth. C Representative images of tumor masses at the experimental endpoint. D Tumor weight. E Isolated spleen weight. F and and G Statistical data for analyzing IFN-γ-expressing CD3⁺CD8⁺ splenocytes. The splenocytes were stimulated with the E7 peptide and analyzed by FACS analysis. H and I Statistical data for analyzing the frequencies of MDSCs (CD11b⁺ Gr-1⁺) in splenocytes. The data are shown as the mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM). The differences among groups were analyzed by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test