Fig. 5

Assay of clinical sample-derived exosome for NSCLC diagnosis. A Ratiometric levels and B the corresponding scatter intervals of serum samples using the exosome-based assay, to differentiate NSCLC patients from healthy donors (HDs). The optimized threshold (10⁷ particles µL.⁻¹) according to the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was denoted by the dashed line in A. C ROC curves of the exosome-based assay and six clinically adopted serum biomarkers, in differentiating stage I NSCLC patients from HDs. D Heat map and E scatter intervals of ratiometric intensities for exosome detection in HDs and NSCLC patients at stage I-IV (n = 15, respectively). F Heat map of ratiometric intensities for exosome detection in patients with benign disease, NSCLC patients without treatment, NSCLC patients with treatment and recurrence/no recurrence (n = 15, respectively). G Scatter intervals and H ROC curves of the exosome-based assay and six clinically adopted serum biomarkers, in differentiating NSCLC patients (stage I, no treatment) from patients with benign disease. I Scatter interval for NSCLC patients with treatment and recurrence or not. J ROC curves of the exosome-based assay and six clinically adopted serum biomarkers, in differentiating NSCLC patients with recurrence and no recurrence. ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001