Fig. 3

Exosomes derived from MS-BMDMs promote alveolar bone formation during OTM. a Representative 3D Micro-CT reconstruction images of the murine OTM model at day 14. Arrow: direction of tooth movement. b Quantification of tooth movement distance at day 14 after OTM treatment (n = 4). c Representative 3D scanned sections of the first molar at day 14 after OTM treatment. d Quantification from c. BV/TV of the interradicular region of the first molar (n = 6). e Representative HE staining images of the first molar at day 14 after OTM treatment. Scale bar: 200 μm. f Quantification from e. BV/TV of the interradicular region of the first molar (n = 6). g Representative ALP staining images of the interradicular region of the first molar at day 14 after OTM treatment. D: dentin. Scale bar: 200 μm. h Quantification from g. ALP-positive surface relative to bone surface (%) in the interradicular region of the first molar (n = 6). i Representative 3D scanned sections of the first molar at day 14 after OTM treatment. Arrow: direction of tooth movement. j Quantification from i. BV/TV of the interradicular region of the first molar (n = 6). k Representative HE staining images of the first molar at day 14 after OTM treatment. Scale bar: 200 μm. l Quantification from k. BV/TV of the interradicular region of the first molar (n = 6). m Representative ALP staining images of the interradicular region of the first molar at day 14 after OTM treatment. D: dentin. Scale bar: 200 μm. n Quantification from m. ALP-positive surface relative to bone surface (%) in the interradicular region of the first molar (n = 6). Data are shown as the mean ± SD. One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc multiple comparisons was performed. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001; ns, not significant