Fig. 4

A–C Violin plots indicating the level of A) TAMs B) TILs, and C) CD8⁺ TILs expressed relative to the total number of A,B) all cells or C) CD3⁺ TILs as determined by ImageStreamX Mark II analysis (n = 8). D The number of conventional DCs (XCR1⁺ cDC1 or CD172α⁺ cDC2) observed in the tumor draining lymph node of KLN 205 tumors treated with vehicle (saline control) or 33% Cu-doped TiO₂ NPs. E–K Histograms representing the relative percentage of E) F4/80⁺ macrophages, F) CD45⁺ lymphocytes, G) CD19⁺ B cells, H) CD3⁺ T cells, I) CD4⁺ T cells, J) CD8⁺ T cells, K) CD69⁺ T cells determined by ImageStreamX Mark II analysis of isolated spleens and expressed relative to E–H) total splenocytes, I,J) total CD3⁺ T cells, K) total CD8⁺ CD3⁺ T cells. L) Violin plots indicating the fold difference in tumor volumes as determined by caliper measurements in animals bearing 2 subcutaneous tumors on contralateral sides. The animals either systemically received anti-PD1 only (IT group, 200 µg/mouse administered 2 days before, together with or 2 days following saline administration), or received anti-PD1 systemically (200 µg/mouse administered 2 days before, together with or 2 days following NP administration) and the tumor on the right received a single bolus of 33% Cu-doped TiO₂ NPs (NP group) versus vehicle control (saline) in the left tumor (contralateral group). Significant differences between a treated group and untreated controls at the same time point are indicated where relevant (p < 0.01: **; p < 0.001: ***; p < 0.0001: ****) based on ANOVA testing using GraphPad Prism 9 (n = 8)