Table 1 Specific surface area, primary particle, density, crystallite size and phase composition of pure TiO2, pure CuO and Cu-doped TiO2 nanoparticles
Sample | Density (Rietveld analysis), (g/cm3) | Specific Surface Area (SSA), (m2/g) | Phase composition | dBET, anatase (nm) | dXRD, anatase (nm) | dXRD, rutile (nm) | dXRD, tenorite (nm) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Anatase (%) | Rutile (%) | Tenorite (%) | |||||||
TiO2 | 3.98 | 107.4 ± 3.1 | 77.3 | 22.7 | 0 | 13.6 | 24.8 | * | - |
1% Cu/TiO2 | 3.99 | 120.7 ± 0.9 | 76.5 | 23.5 | 0 | 12.4 | 28.4 | 11.1 | - |
5%Cu/TiO2 | 4.10 | 113.3 ± 8.0 | 45.7 | 54.3 | 0 | 12.1 | 20.9 | 11.2 | - |
10%Cu/TiO2 | 4.23 | 115.4 ± 2.8 | 21.7 | 78.3 | 0 | 12.0 | 8.5 | 13.1 | - |
33%Cu/TiO2 | 4.07 | 97.0 ± 9.0 | 5.4 | 81.8 | 12.8 | 13.9 | 12.9 | 12.5 | 14.2 |
CuO | 6.52 | 65.2 ± 2.1 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 13.7 | – | – | 15.6 |