Fig. 2

Plasma exosomes of ISS children suppressed the proliferation and bone formation of normal human chondrocytes in vitro. A The FAM-labeled exosomes (Green fluorescence) uptake by chondrocytes (Blue fluorescence) was confirmed. B CCK8 showed that human chondrocyte proliferation was suppressed after human chondrocytes were cocultured with ISS plasma exosomes. C Flow cytometric analysis revealed that cell cycle was arrested in the G0/G1 phase. D, E Western blot and RT-qPCR identified the marker genes of chondrocyte hypertrophic differentiation, COL10A (collagen type X) and RUNX2, showed obvious downregulation after human chondrocytes were cocultured with ISS plasma exosomes. F, G Western blot and RT-qPCR observed that the osteogenic genes, OCN and OPN, were also downregulated after human chondrocytes were cocultured with ISS plasma exosomes. H The activity of ALP was reduced after co-culture of human chondrocytes with ISS plasma exosomes. The data are presented as the mean ± SD. n = 3. Two groups were compared using T-test, *P < 0.05, ^**P < 0.01, ^***P < 0.001 vs. control