Scheme 1

Diagram of IGK@SeNP for the treatment of IDD. A ginkgo biloba extract, IGK, is loaded in Se-Se bond-containing nanoparticles (SeNP). IGK@SeNP is easily taken up by NPCs, and then SeNP scavenges ROS and releases IGK to enhance autophagy, which synergistically protects the ECM of NPCs and reduces cell apoptosis under oxidative stress