Fig. 8
PTT and PDT using TMVP1-ICG-NPs. (A) The photothermal effect of TMVP1-ICG-NPs at different laser powers. (B) The photothermal effect of TMVP1-ICG-NPs at different ICG concentrations. (C) FL intensity of a single oxygen sensor. (D) Differences in the photothermal effect between PBS, free ICG, ICG-NPs, and TMVP1-ICG-NPs. (E) Fluorescence images of cells treated with TMVP1-ICG-NPs, ICG-NPs, and free ICG after irradiation (scale bar, 200 μm). The cells were treated with 200 µL of dihydroethidium (DHE) solution (5 µM in PBS) to induce ROS production. Fluorescence images of DAPI and 2,7-dichlorofluorescin were obtained at excitation wavelengths of 405 and 529 nm, respectively. (F) Cell viability after PTT and PDT was determined by CCK8 assay. (G) Apoptosis caused by free ICG, ICG-NPs, and TMVP1-ICG-NPs after NIR laser, as detected by flow cytometry. (H) Luminescence images of 4T1-tumor-bearing mice before and after PTT and PDT. (I) Tumor growth curve and mouse body weight growth curve in different treatment groups, and survival analysis. Values of p < 0.05 were considered significant (ns: no significance, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001)