Fig. 9
Remodeling of the immune microenvironment of the chronic wounds in diabetic mice by UCMSCs-exo/eNOS. I: Treatment with PBS. II: Treatment with UCMSCs-exo. III: Treatment with UCMSCs-exo/eNOS. a Immunohistochemistry of CD3 and CD11c in the skin wounds of diabetic mice treated with PBS, UCMSCs-exo, and UCMSCs-exo/eNOS on postoperative day 14. Scale bar: 100 μm. b, c Quantification of immunohistochemical staining of CD3 and CD11c (n = 6 in each group, two-tailed Student’s t-test). d M1 macrophages in the wound tissue. immunofluorescence images of F4/80 and CD86. Scale bar: 100 μm. e M2 macrophages in the wound tissue: immunofluorescence images of F4/80 and CD163. Scale bar: 100 μm. f, g Quantitative immunofluorescence analysis of M1 and M2 macrophages(n = 6 in each group, two-tailed Student’s t-test). h Representative flow cytometry plots of CD25 + Foxp3 + Treg cells in wound tissue. i Representative flow cytometry image of CD69 + CD103 + TRM cells in wound tissues. j Quantitative analysis of the proportion of CD25 + Foxp3 + Treg cells in wound tissues (n = 4 in I group, n = 4 in II group and n = 3 in III group, Mann–Whitney U test). k Quantitative analysis of the proportion of CD69 + CD103 + TRM cells in wound tissues (n = 4 in each group, two-tailed Student’s t-test). Data represent means ± SD. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 vs. PBS group; #p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01, ###p < 0.001 vs. UCMSCs-exo group