Fig. 4

a The bio-TEM images of AuNDs in intracellular localization after 4 h incubation, showing cellular uptake of AuNDs. b Cell viability of HCT 116 cells after treatment by different concentrations of AuNDs with or without NIR-II irradiation (1064 nm, 6 min). c Western blot analysis, d Live/dead staining and e flow cytometry analysis of HCT 116 cells after different treatments, including PBS, 1064 nm laser irradiation, AuNDs, and AuNDs under 1064 nm laser irradiation