Table 2 Role of cargoes in EVs in regulating drug resistance in CRC
non-coding RNA/protein/gene | Source | Expression pattern | Action target/pathway | Outcome | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
a. Chemical resistance | |||||
miR-208b | Tumor | Upregulated | PDCD4 | OX resistance | [117] |
miR-424 | Tumor | – | CD28-CD80/86 costimulatory pathway | Immune checkpoint blockade | [44] |
miR-46146 | Tumor | Upregulated | PDCD10 | OX resistance | [118] |
miR-21 | Tumor | Upregulated | PDCD4, TPM1, PTEN | 5-FU resistance | [119] |
miR-24-3p | CAF | Upregulated | CDX2 | MTX resistance | [56] |
ciRS-122 | Tumor | Upregulated | miR-122 | OX resistance | [120] |
circ_0000338 | Tumor | Upregulated | miR-217, miR-485-3p | 5-FU resistance | [121] |
cricN4BP2L2 | CAF | Upregulated | EIF4A3 | OX resistance | [49] |
lncRNA HOTTIP | Tumor | Upregulated | miR-214 | Mitomycin resistance | [50] |
lncRNA CCAL | CAF | Upregulated | mRNA stabilizing protein HuR | OX resistance | [48] |
p-STAT3 | Tumor | Upregulated | - | 5-FU resistance | [53] |
DNAJB8 | Tumor | Upregulated | TP53 | OX resistance | [51] |
b. Chemically sensitive | |||||
miR-1915-3p | FHC | Upregulated | PFKFB3, USP2, E-cadherin | OX sensitive | [75] |
miR-204-5p | HEK293T | Upregulated | RAB22A, Bcl2 | 5-FU sensitive | [122] |
circ_0094343 | CAF | Downregulated | miR-766-5p | Sensitive to 5-FU, OX, and Dox | [123] |