The application of extracellular vesicles in colorectal cancer metastasis and drug resistance: recent advances and trends

Table 3 EVs as biomarkers in CRC

CRC biomarker	Source	Function	References
miR-193a-5p	Plasma	Targeting tumor-associated genes CUX1 and ITSN1 to inhibit CRC migration and invasion	[88]
miR-320c	Plasma	Involving MET and forming PMNs	[124]
miR-21, miR-92a, miR-222	Serum	Associated with lower overall survival	[90]
miR-181b, miR-193b, miR-195, miR-411	Serum	Effective identification of patients with invasive submucosal CRC at risk of lymph node metastasis in a preoperative setting	[125]
miR-361-3p	Tumor	Targeting TRAF3 activates non-classical NF-κB pathway.Associated with worsening CRC prognosis	[126]
CircLPAR1	Plasma	Reducing the translation of the oncogene BRD4 by binding with eIF3h and inhibiting the METTL3-eIF3h interaction	[89]
SPARC, LRG1	Serum	Associated with CRC sidedness and predicted CRC recurrence	[127]
QSOX1	Plasma	For early diagnosis and non-invasive risk stratification	[128]
CD59, TSPAN9	Plasma	Differentiating between CRC and stage I/II CRC patients	[129]
FGB, β2-GP1	CRC tissue	Diagnosing early CRC	[130]

CUX1 CUT-like homeobox 1, ITSN1 Intersectin 1, MET Mesenchymal-epithelial transition, TRAF3 TNF receptor-associated factor 3, eIF3h Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit h, METTL3 Methyltransferase-like 3, SPARC Secreted protein acidic and cysteine rich, LRG1 Leucine rich alpha-2-glycoprotein 1, QSOX1 Quiescin sulfhydryl oxidase 1, TSPAN59 Tetraspanin 9, FGB Fibrinogen beta chain, β2-GP1 Beta-2-glycoprotein 1

ISSN: 1477-3155