Fig. 1

Nanotube patterning inhibited macrophage inflammatory response and nucleoskeleton lamin A/C expression. (A) Schematic illustration showing that TNTs modulated macrophage inflammatory response, which was accompanied by changes in macrophage morphology, nuclear shape and lamin A/C levels. B-C) Heatmap of relative inflammatory gene expression (B) and cytokine secretion (C) of macrophages cultured on pTi and TNTs with 6 h LPS treatment. (D) Cell morphologies of LPS-treated macrophages cultured on pTi and TNTs; scale bars, 50 μm (first panel), 10 μm (second panel) and 5 μm (third panel). E-F) Representative images of nuclei in RAW264.7 cells cultured on pTi and TNTs and treated with LPS (E) and quantitative analysis of nuclear projection area, nuclear volume, and nuclear circularity (F). Data are pooled from 98–104 single cells in at least 21–30 randomly chosen fields. G-H) Lamin A/C expression in macrophages cultured on pTi and TNTs and stimulated with LPS. For qRT‒PCR, ELISA, and Western blotting, quantification data are shown as averages of three biological replicates. All the values are mean ± SD. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001