Fig. 6
From: Nanotube patterning reduces macrophage inflammatory response via nuclear mechanotransduction
The immunomodulatory effects of TNTs facilitated osteogenesis in vitro and in vivo under inflammatory conditions. A) Schematic illustration of the experimental procedure. OM: osteogenic medium; CM: macrophage-conditioned medium. B-C) The expression of osteogenic genes (Runx2, Osx, and Col1) and ARS staining of mBMSCs plated in petri dishes and cultured with macrophage conditioned medium. (D, E) The expression of osteogenic genes and ARS staining of mBMSCs plated on pTi and TNTs surfaces and cultured with surface-corresponding conditioned medium. The data are presented as the mean ± SD of three biological replicates. F) Micro-CT images of 3D-reconstructed models showing the implant and bone formation in the region of interest (ROI) (grey: implant; yellow: bone tissue; semitransparent cylinder: ROI). G) Quantitative analysis of the newly formed bone volume around the pTi and TNTs implants in inflamed rats. H) Histological observation of new bone formation around the pTi and TNTs implants in inflamed rats by H&E staining (im., implant, n.b., new bone). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001