Fig. 7

Plant cell culture technology applied to CLDENs production. A TEM analysis of CrDDENs. Scale bar = 100 nm. B Measurement of CrDDENs particle size distribution by nanoflow analyzer. C Zeta potential analysis of CrDDENs. D TEM analysis of CrCDENs. Scale bar = 100 nm. E Measurement of CrCDENs particle size distribution by nanoflow analyzer. F Zeta potential analysis of CrCDENs. G Cytotoxicity assay of CrDDENs and CrCDENs against multiple cell lines (n = 3). H CrDDENs and CrCDENs promoted nitric oxide release from RAW264.7 cells. I CrDDENs and CrCDENs promoted the secretion of cytokines from RAW264.7 cells. J CrDDENs induced the polarization of RAW264.7 cells toward M1 type. Data were mean ± SD, n = 3; ^*P < 0.05, ^**P < 0.01 and ^***P < 0.001 vs. Control