Fig. 3
In vitro antibacterial evaluation of C-T@Ti3C2 nanosheets. a Schematic diagram of the mechanism of bactericidal action of C-T@Ti3C2-mediated SDT&CDT. b Bacterial viability of E. coli, S. aureus and MRSA colonies after treatment with different concentrations of C-T@Ti3C2 nanosheets (n = 3 for each group). c Viability of MRSA after different treatments (n = 3 for each group). d SEM images of the microscopic morphology of bacteria obtained for E. coli and S. aureus after different treatments. e Corresponding fluorescence intensity analysis for SYTO9/PI costaining from (f). f Fluorescence microscopy images of MRSA stained by SYTO-9 and propidium iodide (PI) after various treatments (green fluorescence, SYTO-9 representing living cells; red fluorescence, PI representing dead cells). Data are presented as the mean ± SD, and statistical significance was calculated using the two-tailed t test and two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. One representative image of three replicates from each group is shown