Fig. 5
In vitro evaluation of C-T@Ti3C2 nanosheets for promoting osteogenesis. a Viability of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells after incubation with different concentrations of C-T@Ti3C2 nanosheets (n = 3 for each group). b CLSM of AM/PI-stained rBMMSCs after various concentrations of C-T@Ti3C2 nanosheets. c CLSM images of the expression of BMP2, OCN, RUNX2 and OPN (at Day 14) in rBMMSCs after different treatments. A representative image of three replicates from each group is shown. d Relative mRNA levels of osteogenic genes (COL-I, BMP2, OPN and RUNX2). e Representative Western blots of total COL-I, OPN, BMP2, RUNX2 and β-actin after induction for 14 days in rBMMSCs. Data are presented as the mean ± SD, and statistical significance was calculated using the two-tailed t test, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001