Fig. 2
One-pot synthesis of PHNs and their physicochemical properties. a Schematic illustrations for simple one-pot fabrication procedure of PHNs. b Optimization of the reaction time by monitoring the hydrodynamic diameter and the peak absorbance (λmax = 530 nm) of PHNs. c Electron microscopy (EM) analysis of MBA-linked PHN (M-PHN). (i) Field emission-transmission EM (TEM) image of a single M-PHM (Scale bar: 50 nm), (ii) High resolution (HR)-TEM image of the lattice structure of GNPs (Scale bar: 5 nm), and (iii) the diffraction patterns of GNPs in an M-PHN. d Wide scan X-ray photoelectron spectra of alginate linked-PHN (A-PHN). e The hydrodynamic diameters of PHNs synthesized with various linker molecules. f Averaged scattering spectra of various species of PHNs (n = 40). g Energy dispersive spectroscopy mapping results of A-PHN using HR-TEM. Elemental mapping images for Au, N, and O atoms (Scale bar: 100 nm)