Fig. 6
Pinpoint cytosolic manipulation and spatially controlled drug release due to light-triggered vesicle rupture in a single cell. a Schematics of the simulation domain consist of the endocytic vesicle that encloses the A-PHNs. b Computational simulation for heat elevation profile using Sv = 400 nm and n = 4 by changing the size of single SA-PHN in the vesicle. c Mean temperature changes of the vesicle with Sv = 400 nm. d Temperature shift expectation plot by changing the number (n), and size (SA-PHN) of PHNs in the various-sized vesicle (Sv). e Monitoring the cellular response (i.e., HSP expression) according to light illumination. (i) Fluorescence images for the elevated HSP under the mild LED (0.8 W/cm2). The scale bar is 50 µm. (ii) Comparison of relative HSP intensity (n = 5) based on illuminating time. f Spatially controlled delivery using calcein-encapsulated A-PHN by photothermally-driven vesicular rupture. (i) Fluorescence images of endo-lysosome and released calcein from the A-PHN at the unexposed and exposed regions (Scale bar: 20 µm). (ii) Colocalization density plot between lysotracker and calcein (orange dots indicate the colocalization spots). g Real-time monitoring of calcein leakage at the single cell. (i) Time-coursed confocal images by illuminating the laser (550 nm with 3.5 W/cm2). Red color indicates the endo-lysosomes, and green indicates the released calcein. The scale bar is 10 µm. (ii) Released calcein intensity profiles in the single cell according to the light exposure time (n.s. indicate the non-significance)