Fig. 3

Sca-1⁺ exosomes protect retinal morphology by reducing I/R-induced retinal ganglion cell apoptosis. A Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining of the retina to evaluate total B, ganglion cell (GCL; C), inner plexiform (IPL; D), inner nuclear (INL; E), outer plexiform (OPL; F), and outer nuclear (ONL; G) layer thicknesses, among control (Normal), I/R, I/R + Sca-1⁺ exo, and I/R + Sca-1⁻ exo groups. Representative immunofluorescence images (H) and quantification I of apoptotic (TUNEL⁺) retinal neurons (NeuN⁺), both at baseline and at 3 days post-I/R. Data shown as mean ± SEM. n = 3 retinas/group for all experiments. **P < 0.01, *P < 0.05