Fig. 4

Sca-1⁺ exosomes reduced the occurrence of post-I/R microglial M1 polarization. Representative immunofluorescence images (A) and quantification (B) of M1 versus total microglia, excluding M1, among Normal, I/R, I/R + Sca-1⁺ exo, and I/R + Sca-1⁻ exo groups. Relative mRNA expression levels of inflammatory factors interleukin-6 (IL-6) (C) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (D) among the 4 treatment groups, as determined by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Representative Western blot image (E) and analysis of IL-6 (F) and TNF-α (G) protein expression levels among the 4 groups, normalized to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). Data shown as mean ± SEM. n = 3 retinas/group for all experiments. **P < 0.01, *P < 0.05