Fig. 6

Increased miR-150-5p levels within Sca-1⁺ exosomes downregulate MEKK3/JNK signaling to decrease M1 microglial polarization among lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced BV2 microglial cells in vitro. A Relative expression levels for miR-150-5p within Sca-1⁺ and Sca-1⁻ exosomes, as determined by qPCR. B Relative expression levels of miR-150-5p within 4 BV2 cell treatment groups: Normal control, LPS, as well as Sca-1⁺ exosomes (LPS + Sca-1⁺ exo), or Sca-1⁻ exosomes (LPS + Sca-1⁺ exo) after LPS. Relative expression levels of inflammatory factors IL-6 (C) and TNF-α (D), as determined by RT-qPCR, among the 4 treatment groups. Representative Western blot images (E) and quantification of IL-6 (F) and TNF-α (G) protein expression levels among the 4 treatment groups, normalized to GAPDH. Relative expression levels of MEKK3 (H), the target gene of miR-150-5p, as determined by RT-qPCR, among the 4 treatment groups. Representative Western blot images (I) and quantification of MEKK3 (J), phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (p-JNK)/JNK (K) and p–c-Jun/c-Jun (L) protein expression levels among the 4 treatment groups, normalized to GAPDH. Representative immunofluorescence images (M) and quantification (N) of mean CD16/32⁺ (M1 polarization biomarker) fluorescence intensity among BV2 cells in the 4 treatment groups. Data shown as mean ± SEM. n = 3/group for all experiments. **P < 0.01, *P < 0.05