Fig. 3

Viability and proliferation of co-culture hydrogels and NIH 3T3, LIVE/DEAD staining of cells. a Confocal microscopy images of a live/dead assay of 3T3 cells cultured after one, three, and five days under co-cultured model for different treatments. b Illustration of cell-hydrogel co-culture model: NIH 3T3 in well, hydrogel at the bottom. The data represent the mean ± SD (n = 5). c CCK-8 assay of NIH 3T3 cells co-cultured with equal volumes of hydrogels after one, three, and five days (n = 5). Bar graphs represent mean + SD. N.S no significant difference between these groups. ***p < 0.001